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2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(6): 591-622, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388701

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, a través de su Comité de Infecciones Neonatales, en conjunto con la Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, proponen un documento de diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) en la mujer embarazada y el recién nacido. Esta guía aborda el manejo de la infección en el binomio, su enfrentamiento diagnóstico y terapéutico, orientado al equipo de salud que atiende a mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos con infección por CMV en Chile. Considera la situación epidemiológica global y latinoamericana, con recomendaciones para la evaluación clínica y de laboratorio; establece criterios de diagnóstico, propone enfoques terapéuticos de acuerdo a la situación clínica, analiza las medidas de prevención y establece una propuesta nacional para el seguimiento de esta enfermedad. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar, de forma práctica, y con la mayor evidencia posible, las recomendaciones para el manejo del binomio con infección por CMV.


Abstract The Chilean Society of Infectology, through its Neonatal Infections Committee in conjunction with the Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, propose a document for the Diagnosis and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy and Newborn. This guideline suggests the management of mother and child infection, its diagnostic and therapeutic options. Considers the global and Latin American epidemiology, with recommendations for clinical and laboratory evaluation, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches according to the clinical situation, analyzes prevention measures and establishes a national proposal for monitoring this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(4): 336-342, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286515

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El citomegalovirus humano es reconocido como la causa más común de infección viral congénita, la cual puede darse como resultado de infección primaria, reinfección o reactivación en la mujer embarazada; además, puede ocasionar retraso en el desarrollo neuronal y pérdida auditiva sensoneural en el neonato. Objetivo: Identificar la infección por citomegalovirus humano en neonatos por PCR en tiempo real (PCR-TR) y cultivo celular. Método: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo con muestras de hisopado oral provenientes de 362 neonatos nacidos en un periodo de 10 meses en un hospital público de Mérida, Yucatán. Se realizó PCR-TR para la detección de citomegalovirus humano. Se obtuvo cultivo celular primario de fibroblastos a partir de tejido de prepucio humano para recuperar el virus. Se siguieron solo los casos positivos. Resultados: Se encontró 0.86 % de infección por citomegalovirus humano por PCR-TR. No se recuperó el virus en cultivo. En las visitas de seguimiento, la salud sensorial y el neurodesarrollo fueron adecuados. Conclusión: La prevalencia de infección por citomegalovirus humano en neonatos fue similar a la de reportes mundiales y solo pudo evidenciarse por PCR. La infección asintomática detectada entre las 12 a 24 horas del nacimiento no tuvo consecuencias a largo plazo.


Abstract Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is recognized as the most common cause of congenital viral infection, which can occur as a result of primary infection, reinfection or infection reactivation in the pregnant woman and be the cause of delay in neuronal development and sensorineural hearing loss in the neonate. Objective: To identify CMVH infection in newborns by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell culture. Method: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study with oral swab samples from 362 neonates born within a 10-month period in a public hospital of Mérida, Yucatán. RT-PCR was carried out for the detection of HCMV. Fibroblast primary cell culture was obtained from human foreskin tissue to isolate the virus. Only positive cases were followed. Results: A prevalence of HCMV infection of 0.86 % was found by RT-PCR. No virus was isolated with cell culture. In the follow-up visits, sensory health and neurodevelopment were adequate. Conclusion: The prevalence of HCMV infection is similar to that of worldwide reports, and only was detected by RT-PCR. Asymptomatic infection detected 12-14 h after birth had no long-term health consequences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Hospitals, Public , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Mexico
4.
Med. infant ; 25(3): 217-221, Sept.2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-947050

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La infección congénita por citomegalovirus (CMV) es la causa más frecuente de hipoacusia neurosensorial (HNS) no genética en países desarrollados. La incidencia de HNS en los lactantes sintomáticos oscila entre el 30 y el 65%. Objetivos: Describir las formas de presentación clínica de la infección por CMV congénita en pacientes sintomáticos y la evolución auditiva en los pacientes tratados con antivirales y aquellos sin tratamiento. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional y longitudinal. Población: Se incluyeron niños, menores de 2 meses, con CMV congénito (confirmado por viruria positiva con método de PCR), sintomáticos, internados en la Unidad de Neonatología, desde el año 2005 al 2013. Método: Diagnóstico y seguimiento auditivo utilizando otoemisiones acústicas (OEA), potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral (PEAT) y audiometría (AT) según edad e indicación en cada caso en particular. El tratamiento antiviral se realizó con ganciclovir (GCV) y/o valganciclovir (VGCV). Resultados: Clínicamente se estudiaron 16 pacientes con diagnóstico de CMV congénito sintomáticos. Se excluyeron tres. Se describen los motivos de internación más frecuentes. Para el estudio y seguimiento audiológico los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos de acuerdo a que recibieran o no tratamiento: A: no recibieron tratamiento antiviral (n: 5) y B: recibieron tratamiento antiviral (n: 8). En los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento, las secuelas auditivas fueron menores y en dos de los casos se produjo una mejoría importante en la audición. Conclusiones: El tratamiento de neonatos con infección congénita por CMV con GCV y/o VGCV ofrece resultados alentadores en la prevención de la hipoacusia (AU)


Introduction: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNH) in developed countries. The incidence of SNH in symptomatic infants ranges between 30% and 65%. Objectives: To describe different forms of clinical presentation of congenital CMV infection in symptomatic patients as well as outcome in patients treated with antiviral drugs and those in whom treatment was withheld. Study design: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational, descriptive study. Population: Symptomatic infants younger than 2 months of life with congenital CMV infection (confirmed by positive viruria using PCR), admitted to the Neonatology Unit between 2005 and 2013. Method: Diagnosis and audiological follow-up with otoacoustic emissions (OAE), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and audiometry (AT) according to age and indication for the individual patient. Antiviral treatment consisted of ganciclovir (GCV) and/or valganciclovir (VGCV). Results: Sixteen patients with symptomatic congenital CMV infection were clinically studied. Three were excluded. Main reasons for admission are described. For evaluation and audiological follow-up the patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they received treatment. Group A: did not receive antiviral treatment (n: 5) and B: received antiviral treatment (n: 8). In patients that received treatment hearing sequelae were less severe and in two patients significant hearing improvement was observed. Conclusions: Treatment with GCV and/or VGCV of neonates with congenital CMV was found to have promising results for the prevention of hearing loss (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/prevention & control , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Observational Study
6.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(2): 171-211, abr. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899895

ABSTRACT

Existen numerosas infecciones bacterianas, virales y parasitarias que pueden transmitirse desde la madre al feto o recién nacido (RN) y que significan un riesgo para él. El acrónimo TORCH se utiliza en forma universal para caracterizar a aquel feto o RN que presenta un cuadro clínico compatible con una infección congénita y que permite un enfrentamiento racional, tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. El concepto tradicional de realizar un "test de TORCH" sin consideraciones específicas a cada paciente, hoy en día se considera no adecuado y ha sido reemplazado por exámenes específicos para patógenos específicos bajo circunstancias bien definidas. El presente documento revisa las características generales, epidemiológicas, patogénicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los patógenos más frecuentemente involucrados en el estudio de pacientes con sospecha de TORCH.


There is a lot of bacterial, viral or parasite infections who are able to be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus or newborn which implicates an enormous risk for it. The TORCH acronym is used universally to refer to a fetus or newborn which presents clinical features compatible with a vertically acquired infection and allows a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The traditional "TORCH test" is nowadays considered not appropriate and it has been replaced for specific test for specific pathogens under well defined circumstances. The present document reviews the general characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for the most frequently involved pathogens in the fetus or newborn with TORCH suspicion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Chile , Toxoplasmosis/therapy , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Neonatal Screening/methods , Practice Guideline , Chagas Disease/therapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Herpes Simplex/epidemiology , Measles/congenital , Measles/epidemiology
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(2): 191-216, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784870

ABSTRACT

There is a lot of bacterial, viral or parasite infections who are able to be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus or newborn which implicates an enormous risk for it. The TORCH acronym is used universally to refer to a fetus or newborn which presents clinical features compatible with a vertically acquired infection and allows a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The traditional "TORCH test" is nowadays considered not appropriate and it has been replaced for specific test for specific pathogens under well defined circumstances. The present document reviews the general characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for the most frequently involved pathogens in the fetus or newborn with TORCH suspicion.


Existen numerosas infecciones bacterianas, virales y parasitarias que pueden transmitirse desde la madre al feto o recién nacido (RN) y que significan un riesgo para él. El acrónimo TORCH se utiliza en forma universal para caracterizar a aquel feto o RN que presenta un cuadro clínico compatible con una infección congénita y que permite un enfrentamiento racional, tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. El concepto tradicional de realizar un "test de TORCH" sin consideraciones específicas a cada paciente, hoy en día se considera no adecuado y ha sido reemplazado por exámenes específicos para patógenos específicos bajo circunstancias bien definidas. El presente documento revisa las características generales, epidemiológicas, patogénicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los patógenos más frecuentemente involucrados en el estudio de pacientes con sospecha de TORCH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/parasitology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Rubella/congenital , Rubella/diagnosis , Rubella/therapy , Syndrome , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/therapy , Risk Factors , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy , Fetus , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/therapy
8.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 31(4): 550-553, dez. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-698044

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, who was assessed by three methods of hearing evaluation. CASE DESCRIPTION: In the first audiometry, at four months of age, the infant showed abnormal response in Otoacoustic Emissions and normal Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), with electrophysiological threshold in 30dBnHL, in both ears. With six months of age, he showed bilateral absence of the ABR at 100dBnHL. The behavioral observational audiometry was impaired due to the delay in neuropsychomotor development. At eight months of age, he was submitted to Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) and the thresholds were 50, 70, absent in 110 and in 100dB, respectively for 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000Hz in the right ear, and 70, 90, 90 and absent in 100dB, respectively for 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000Hz in the left ear. COMMENTS: In the first evaluation, the infant had abnormal Otoacoustic Emission and normal ABR, which became altered at six months of age. The hearing loss severity could be identified only by the ASSR, which allowed the best procedure for hearing aids adaptation. The case description highlights the importance of the hearing status follow-up for children with congenital cytomegalovirus. .


OBJETIVO: Relatar el caso de un lactante con citomegalovirus congénito y disacusianeurosensorial progresiva, analizado por tres métodos de evaluación auditiva. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: En la primera evaluación auditiva, a los cuatro meses de edad, el lactante presentó ausencia de Emisiones Otoacústicas (EOA) y Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) dentro de los estándares de normalidad para la franja de edad, con umbral electrofisiológico en 30dBnHL, bilateralmente. Con seis meses, presentó ausencia de PEATE bilateral en 100dBnHL. La evaluación comportamental de la audición se mostró perjudicada debido al retardo en el desarrollo neuropsicomotor. A los ocho meses, fue sometido al examen de Respuesta Auditiva de Estado Estable (RAEE) y los umbrales encontrados fueron 50, 70, ausente en 110 y en 100dB, respectivamente para 500, 1.000, 2.000 y 4.000Hz, a la derecha, y 70, 90, 90 y ausente en 100dB, respectivamente para 500, 1.000, 2.000 y 4.000, a la izquierda. COMENTARIOS: En la primera evaluación, el lactante presentó alteración auditiva en el examen de EOA y PEATE normal, que pasó a ser alterado a los seis meses de edad. La intensidad de la pérdida auditiva solo puede identificarse por el examen de RAEE, permitiendo establecer la mejor conducta en la adaptación de aparato de amplificación sonora individual. Se subraya la importancia del seguimiento audiológico para niños con CMV congénito. .


OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso de um lactente com citomegalovírus congênito e disacusia neurossensorial progressiva, analisado por três métodos de avaliação auditiva. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Na primeira avaliação auditiva, aos quatro meses de idade, o lactente apresentou ausência de Emissões Otoacústicas (EOA) e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) dentro dos padrões de normalidade para a faixa etária, com limiar eletrofisiológico em 30dBnHL, bilateralmente. Com seis meses, apresentou ausência de PEATE bilateral em 100dBnHL. A avaliação comportamental da audição mostrou-se prejudicada devido ao atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Aos oito meses, foi submetido ao exame de Resposta Auditiva de Estado Estável (RAEE) e os limiares encontrados foram 50, 70, ausente em 110 e em 100dB, respectivamente para 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000Hz, à direita, e 70, 90, 90 e ausente em 100dB, respectivamente para 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000Hz, à esquerda. COMENTÁRIOS: Na primeira avaliação, o lactente apresentou alteração auditiva no exame de EOA e PEATE normal, que passou a ser alterado aos seis meses de idade. A intensidade da perda auditiva só pôde ser identificada pelo exame de RAEE, permitindo estabelecer a melhor conduta na adaptação de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual. Ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento audiológico para crianças com CMV congênito. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Audiometry , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology
9.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 84(4): 275-280, dic. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-754214

ABSTRACT

La infección congénita por citomegalovirus (CMV) es la principal etiología de hipoacusia neurosensorial de causa no genética. El uso de valganciclovir, un profármaco del ganciclovir con buena biodisponibilidad oral, es utilizado a nivel internacional como parte del tratamiento farmacológico. La indicación de tratamiento incluye a los recién nacidos sintomáticos con compromiso neurológico o con enfermedad órgano focal severa, dentro de los primeros 30 días de vida. El mayor beneficio del tratamiento en neonatos es la reducción del deterioro de la audición evitando la peoría de los umbrales auditivos, así como la mejoría en el neurodesarrollo. Un tratamiento inicial con ganciclovir, seguido de valganciclovir vía oral, ha demostrado mejor desempeño del desarrollo auditivo que el uso de terapia a corto plazo. Se reportan dos casos de citomegalovirus congénito, de diferente presentación clínica, en el período setiembre-octubre 2013. Se reporta mejoría sintomática tras el tratamiento con ganciclovir-valganciclovir en ambos casos. En el seguimiento con carga viral en orina, se observó una disminución mantenida de la misma durante el tratamiento. El principal efecto adverso fue la apariciónde anemia...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Ganciclovir/adverse effects , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
11.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(1): 44-49, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627398

ABSTRACT

El citomegalovirus (CMV) es la infección viral congénita más frecuente con una prevalencia de 0,5% al nacimiento. La primoinfección aparece entre el 1-4% de las gestantes seronegativas. El 40% de estos fetos se infectan y un 10% presentan síntomas al nacimiento. Presentamos un caso de infección congénita por CMV con hidrops fetal, con afectación neonatal del sistema nervioso central. Se trató con ganciclovir intravenoso y posteriormente con valganciclovir oral hasta los 6 meses, con buenos resultados al año de vida. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica del diagnóstico y pronóstico de los recién nacidos con infección congénita por CMV y las expectativas y experiencia actual del tratamiento con ganciclovir y valganciclovir.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection affecting 0.5% of all live births. Primary CMV infection occurs in 1-4% of seronegative woman during pregnancy and may be transmitted to the fetus in 40%. Up to 10% of intrauterine CMV infections result in symptomatic congenital disease at birth. We present a case of congenital CMV infection in the third trimester of gestation with central nervous disease involvement, who was treated with intravenosus ganciclovir followed by oral valganciclovir for six months with successful results in the first year of life. We review the literature on the diagnosis and prognosis of newborns with congenital CMV infection and the expectations and current experience of treatment with ganciclovir and valganciclovir.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Hydrops Fetalis/etiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy , Valganciclovir/therapeutic use , Ganciclovir/therapeutic use , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis
12.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 109(6): 479-484, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633214

ABSTRACT

Las pérdidas auditivas pueden ser atribuidas a factores genéticos o ambientales. Las mutaciones en el gen de la proteína Cx26 (conexina 26) son responsables de un 30-80% de los casos de pérdida auditiva profunda no sindrómica. La variante 35delG es la prevalente en la población caucásica. Entre los factores ambientales, el citomegalovirus (CMV) es la principal causa de infección congénita. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de infección congénita por CMV y la frecuencia de la mutación 35delG en recién nacidos. Identifcar aquellos con riesgo de pérdida de audición con el fn de realizar un seguimiento audiológico para detectar precozmente las hipoacusias. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 1020 muestras de sangre seca, en papel, de recién nacidos, por PCR convencional y en tiempo real. Se efectuaron las otoemisiones acústicas antes del alta hospitalaria a todos los niños. El seguimiento audiológico se realizó tanto a los portadores de 35delG como a los que tuvieron infección congénita por CMV. Resultados. De los pacientes estudiados, 15 fueron heterocigotas para la mutación 35delG. No se detectaron homocigotas. Seis de las muestras fueron positivas para CMV (resultados confirmados en orina); de ellos, solo un neonato fue sintomático. A todos estos niños se les realizaron las evaluaciones audiológicas; presentaron hipoacusia tres niños con infección congénita por CMV y dos portadores de la mutación 35delG. Conclusión. Se detectó un 1,3% de portadores de la mutación 35delG y una frecuencia de infección congénita por CMV del 0,6%. El seguimiento audiológico de estas dos poblaciones permitió la detección de hipoacusias tardías.


Introduction. Hearing loss may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the gene of the CX26 protein (connexin 26), are responsible for 30-80% of all cases of non-syndromic profound hearing loss. The 35delG is the most frequent variant in the caucasian population. As to environmental factors, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the main cause of congenital infection. Objetives. To determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection and the frequency of the 35delG mutation in newborns. To identify those at risk of suffering hearing loss in order to do an audiologic follow-up of detected cases. Materials y methods. One thousand and twenty samples of dry blood spots corresponding to newborns were tested using conventional and real time PCR. Audiologic screening was performed to all newborns before hospital discharge. Results. Fifteen out of 1020 subjects were heterozygous for the mutation. No homozygous patients were found. Six out of the samples tested positive for CMV (confrmed by a urine sample), out of which only one newborn was symptomatic. The auditory brainstem response was recorded in all these children. Hearing loss was found in three children with congenital CMV infection and two with 35delG mutation. Conclusion. The frecuency of 35delG mutation carriers in our population was 1.3% and the CMV congenital infection prevalence was 0.6%. Audiologic monitoring of these two populations allowed detection of hearing loss of late onset.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Connexins/genetics , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Hearing Loss/etiology , Mutation , Audiometry , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Hearing Loss/genetics , Neonatal Screening , Prevalence
13.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(6): 513-515, nov.-dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-611822

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de infección congénita por citomegalovirus en recién nacidos participantes en el programa de tamiz neonatal de los Servicios de Salud de San Luis Potosí. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la presencia de citomegalovirus en muestras de sangre almacenadas en papel filtro. RESULTADOS. Se detectó la presencia de citomegalovirus en 10 (0.68 por ciento) de 1 457 muestras estudiadas. No se encontraron diferencias en las características de los recién nacidos con infección congénita en comparación con aquéllos sin infección. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario concientizar a los profesionales de la salud sobre la prevalencia e impacto de la infección congénita por citomegalovirus.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants included in the neonatal screening program coordinated by the State Health Services in San Luis Potosí. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated the presence of cytomegalovirus in blood samples stored in filter paper. RESULTS: Cytomegalovirus was detected in 10 (0.68 percent) of the 1 457 samples included in the study. There were no differences in the characteristics of infants with congenital infection compared to those without infection. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to increase awareness of health professionals regarding the prevalence and impact of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Confidence Intervals , Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification , Mexico/epidemiology , Neonatal Screening , Prevalence
14.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009; 15 (2): 330-336
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-157330

ABSTRACT

This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the frequency of contamination with TORCH agents in neonates with congenital malformations in a referral centre in Gorgan city, Islamic Republic of Iran. Blood samples were taken from 64 neonates and their mothers over a 20-month period in 2003-04. Serologic tests showed that 4/64 infants born with congenital malformations [6%] had positive IgM antibody titres for Toxoplasma gondii [2 cases], rubella virus [1 case] and cytomegalovirus [1 case]. IgM was positive in 9/63 mothers [14%], also for T. gondii [3 cases], rubella virus [3 cases] and cytomegalovirus [3 cases]. No cases of herpes simplex virus type II or Treponema pallidum were found


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology , Rubella virus , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Mothers , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology
15.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(2): 102-106, 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627373

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: Citomegalovirus (CMV) es la infección congénita más frecuente, demostrado en el 1% de recién nacidos en países desarrollados. Es la primera causa de sordera y alteraciones del desarrollo neuro-lógico infantil. Recientes estudios han demostrado que la seropositividad no evita una reinfección materna ni la enfermedad congénita, por lo que la caracterización de la seroprevalencia permite saber si la infección congénita proviene mayoritariamente de primoinfección o de reinfección. OBJETIVOS: Conocer la seroprevalencia al parto en 583 mujeres beneficiarías del Hospital Padre Hurtado durante mayo y junio del 2006. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, en que se estudio la presencia de IgG anti CMV en sangre materna al parto. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una seroprevalencia de 95%, sin casos de infección sintomática al nacer. CONCLUSIÓN: La seroprevalencia es elevada, lo que sugiere que la reinfección sería la forma principal de infección congénita. Un estudio en recién nacidos con cultivos virales o PCR permitiría conocer la tasa de infección congénita real, y no un estudio basado en seroconversión pues omitiría todos los casos que reinfección, que serían mayoritarios.


BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus is the most frequent congenital infection, affecting 1% of the population in developed countries, and the leading cause of deafness and brain development abnormalities in children. Recent studies have demonstrated that seropositivity do not avoid reinfection and congenital disease. OBJECTIVE: To study the seroprevalence in 583 pregnant women at delivery at Padre Hurtado Hospital, during 2006. METHODS: Prospective, observational study, in which maternal blood at delivery was studied for the presence of anti CMV IgG. RESULTS: There was 95% seroprevalence, without any case of symptomatic infection. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence supports that most of the cases of congenital disease would occur in seropositive women, supporting that reinfection is the main way of neonatal compromise. This supports that a study with direct detection in liveborns would be suitable to reveal the impact of cytomegalovirus in our population and not that of seroconversión.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chile , Mass Screening , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Gestational Age , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus , Hospitals, Public , Antibodies, Viral/blood
16.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 106(2): 132-137, abr.2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-482398

ABSTRACT

En la infección congénita y perinatal por citomegalovirusel laboratorio cumple un rol decisivo, si se considera que el cuadro clínico en el recién nacido es semejante al que presentan otras infecciones. Los objetivos del trabajo son comparar los resultadosde la reacción de la polimerasa en sangre seca y en orina y señalar la importancia del resultado en la tarjeta de Guthrie, para diferenciar la infección congénita de la perinatal.En el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Servicio Virosis Congénitas Perinatales y Transmisión Sexual, se estudiaron148 pacientes derivados por sospecha deinfección por CMVH. Se analizaron las muestras de sangre seca (tarjeta de Guthrie) y de orina de todos los pacientes, mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. De 148 pacientes, 3 presentaron otra sinfecciones, 95 fueron negativos y 50 positivos paracitomegalovirus: 35 fueron infecciones congénitas y15 perinatales. En los casos congénitos, la reacción de la polimerasa en la sangre seca fue positiva (sensibilidad 100 por ciento, especificidad 98,9 por ciento, VPP 98 por ciento y VPN 100 por ciento). Cuatro de ellos, con síntomas tardíos,fueron estudiados retrospectivamente. En 15 pacientescon muestras de orina tomadas después delos 15 días y polimerasa positiva (S 100 por ciento), el análisis retrospectivo de la sangre seca fue negativo, por loque se consideró que la infección fue perinatal.La reacción de la polimerasa en sangre seca puede utilizarse alternativamente a la reacción de lapolimerasa en orina de recién nacido y permite diferenciar la infección congénita de la perinatal en los casos de infecciones congénitas con aparicióntardía de los síntomas u otros casos de origen controvertido


Laboratories play a crucial role in the diagnosis of congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infection, considering that other viral infections in newborn infants have similar clinical characteristics. The objectives of this work are to compare the results of the polymerase reaction in blood spots and urine as well as point out the relevance of the result in the Guthrie cards to differentiate congenital from perinatal infection. A total of 148 patients suspicious of CMVH infections were studied in the Congenital Perinatal Infections and Sexual Transmission Laboratory, at the National Institute “Carlos G. Malbrán”. The dry blood samples (Guthrie cards) and urine of all patients were studied through the polymerase chain reaction. From the 148 patients, 3 presented other infections, 95 tested negative and 50 positive for cytomegalovirus: 35 had congenital infection and 15 perinatal. In the congenital cases, the polymerase reaction in dry blood was positive (sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.9%, VPP 98% and VPN 100%). Four of them with tardive symptoms were studied retrospectively. The urine specimens from the remaining 15 patients that were taken 15 days after birth were analyzed through the same methods, showing a sensitivity of 100%, the retrospective analysis of this dry blood group yielded negative results, so the infection was considered perinatal. Thus, the dry blood polymerase reaction of the newborn infants makes it a reliable assay for diagnosing congenital cytomegalovirus infection and could be used as an alternative method to urine polymerase reaction. In addition, this test is able to reveal whether the infection is congenital or perinatal in those cases of late symptom or other cases of controversial origin.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Blood Specimen Collection , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis
17.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(1): 38-43, Feb. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484416

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to identify maternal and fetal characteristics as prognostic markers of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This is a descriptive study of 13 cases of congenital CMV infection referred to Institute de Puericulture et Perinatologie de Paris (IPP) from January 2005 to October 2006. Amniotic fluid puncture was performed to research CMV polimerase chain reaction (PCR). Cordocentesis and cord blood samples at delivery were also analyzed to determinate fetal platelets count, GGT, ASAT, ALAT, CMV-DNA and IgM antibody. Variables of symptomatic and asymptomatic infants were then compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS - 15.0. Mean gestational age of amniocentesis was 24.6 weeks and there was no difference of mean viral load in amniotic fluid considering infant features. Mean gestational age of cordocentesis was 26.1 weeks. There were no statistical differences of fetal viral load, IgM, platelets, GGT, ASAT and ALAT analyzed at cordocentesis samples, but at delivery, mean values of IgM and ASAT of fetal blood were increased in symptomatic ones (p= 0.03 for both parameters). When considering groups with normal and abnormal parameters, ASAT of cordon samples was also increased in symptomatic infants (p= 0.02). Sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of fetal ultrasound anomalies to detect symptomatic infants were, respectively, 80 percent, 62.5 percent, 57.1 percent and 83.3 percent. Thus, identification of markers of CMV symptomatic infants should be aimed. Prenatal diagnosis, identification and follow up of congenital CMV infected infants are important to consider treatment for symptomatic infants, trying to avoid or reducing some possible sequels.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Transaminases/blood , Amniocentesis , Biomarkers/blood , Cordocentesis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood , Platelet Count , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Load
18.
Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University. 2008; 18 (2): 107-111
in English, Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-89051

ABSTRACT

Primary infection of cytomegalovirus especially in first and second trimester of pregnancy causes severe tissue injury and congenital abnormalities. Infection in third trimester of pregnancy has a higher chance of transmission but less tissue injury. Elisa method is a simple test for diagnosis of serum antibody but blood lymphocytes culture is a better and more specific diagnostic method than Elisa. In this study we compared Elisa and tissue culture methods for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infections. In this study 5 ml of blood obtained from mothers who aborted their fetuses. Then serum antibody was titrated by ELISA method. Moreover, 5ml of citrated blood with 2 ml of Ficohl hypaque centrifuged in 3000 g and buffy coat layer of leukocytes was separated. These cells cultured in MRC5 fibroblast cell line and were assessed for intracellular inclusion bodies after 72 hours. Positive samples were selected and tested for nucleic acids of cytomegalovirus with PCR method. In this study, 118 cases of abortion were included. In tissue culture method, 6 samples [7.2%] had intracellular inclusion body. Of these samples only 4 had cytomegalovirus nucleic acid by PCR method. Two cases showed increasing anti-cytomegalovirus IgM with ELISA but they were negative by tissue culture method. In general, 6 cases [7.2%] of cytomegalovirus infection were diagnosed. ELISA and tissue culture methods should be performed together. Cytomegalovirus infection has not likely any relation with habitual abortion and is seen in first time abortions preferably


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Abortion, Spontaneous , Tissue Culture Techniques , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
19.
Revue Maghrebine de Pediatrie [La]. 2008; 18 (1): 43-47
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-108754

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a new born admitted for convulsions. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed pachygyria. Caryotype was normal, a congenital cytomegalovirus infection was diagnosed. The children decease at the age of two months


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cerebral Cortex/abnormalities , Infant
20.
Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2008; 10 (3): 45-50
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-143544

ABSTRACT

Primary TORCH [Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus] and Treponema palidum infections in the mothers can lead to severe fetal anomalies. This study was done to explore the prevalance of TORCH antibodies in newborns with congenital malformations and their mothers in Gorgan-Iran. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on newborns with major congential malformations, during 20 months [2003-04] in Dezyani hospital- a referal gynecology center in Gorgan, in north of Iran. The blood sample of 64 newborns with congenital malformations and their mothers collected. Serologic testes were done on newborns and mothers' sera to determine IgM and IgG levels against rubella, toxoplasma gondeie, Cytomegalo virus, Herpes simplex type II with ELISA test. For Terponema palidum PRP test was used. Four of 64 infants [6%] had positive IgM antibody titers for Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus. Nine of mothers with affected newborns [14%] had positive IgM antibody titers for Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus. This study showed that the prevalance of TORCH antibodies are observed in 6% of birth defects, in this region


Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities/immunology , Prevalence , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Rubella/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Mothers , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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